Chips get stuck, but high-speed rail and Beidou are not afraid. It's not so difficult to control the industrial chain independently

《中国经济周刊》记者李永华

China Economic Weekly reporter Li Yonghua

党的十九届五中全会提出，"十四五"时期经济社会发展的主要目标之一是显著提高产业链现代化水平。

The Fifth Plenary Session of the 19th CPC Central Committee proposed that one of the main goals of economic and social development during the "14th five year plan" period is to significantly improve the level of industrial chain modernization.

2020年12月11日，中共中央政治局会议提出，要增强国家战略科技实力，增强产业链供应链的自主可控能力，形成强大的国内市场。

On December 11, 2020, the meeting of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee called for strengthening the national strategic science and technology strength, enhancing the independent and controllable ability of the industrial chain supply chain, and forming a strong domestic market.

后来，中央经济工作会议强调，产业链供应链的安全稳定是构建新的发展格局的基础。

Later, the central economic work conference emphasized that the security and stability of the industrial chain supply chain is the basis of building a new development pattern.

毫无疑问，确保产业链供应链的安全稳定是整个2020年最重要的课题之一。

Undoubtedly, ensuring the safety and stability of the industrial chain supply chain is one of the most important topics throughout 2020.

在许多行业，中国已经成为一个绝对的全球供应中心，比如汽车行业。新型冠状病毒肺炎最初由韩国现代汽车的3个部件关闭，原因是中国部件供应停滞。捷豹路虎甚至用行李箱将中国的零部件运到英国维持生产。

In many industries, China has become an absolute global supply center, such as the automobile industry. Novel coronavirus pneumonia was initially shut down by 3 parts of the Korean modern vehicle because of the stagnation of supply of parts in China. Jaguar Land Rover even transported China's components in suitcases to Britain to maintain production.

然而，在新型冠状病毒肺炎和两只新黑天鹅相继腾飞之际，产业链供应链的自主控制问题备受关注。

Nevertheless, when the novel coronavirus pneumonia and two new black swans have taken off, the problem of independent control of the supply chain of industrial chain has attracted much attention.

中国国际经济交流中心副主任委员黄奇帆在《中国经济周刊》撰文指出，我们应该看到，我们的产业链存在一些短板，有些甚至是致命的短板，容易被别人堵住。一旦面临不可控的政治或自然因素，产业链可能断裂。

Huang Qifan, vice chairman of the China Center for international economic exchange, wrote in China Economic Weekly that we should see that there are some short boards, some even fatal ones, in our industrial chain, which are easy to be blocked by others. Once faced with uncontrollable political or natural factors, the industrial chain may break.

新奇的冠状病毒肺炎，标志着中国经济积重难返的现实，尖端的技术和高端的供应链，这是中国经济的亮点。中共中央经济学院书记、中国人民大学校长、党委书记、院长刘守英表示，此事的紧迫性更加突出。华为芯片制造业是摧毁公司的关键。

Novel coronavirus pneumonia, China's economic accrued reality is a symbol of the harsh reality of the sophisticated technology and high-end supply chain, which is the highlight of China's economy. Liu Shouying's secretary of the CPC School of economics and the president of Renmin University of China, the party secretary and Dean of the CPC, said that the urgency of the matter is more prominent. The HUAWEI chip manufacturing is the key to the destruction of the company.

从芯片、人工智能、操作系统，到重型装备制造，甚至普通奶粉和额头温度枪芯片，疫情的短期影响凸显了中国产业链供应链的深层次和长期弱点。

From chips, artificial intelligence, operating systems, to heavy equipment manufacturing, and even ordinary milk powder and forehead temperature gun chips, the short-term impact of the epidemic has highlighted the deep and long-term weaknesses of China's industrial chain supply chain.

中国两会主席李彦宏操作系统基本上说，AI时代的操作系统，即深度学习操作框架，在2020年全国人大两会期间，美国技术基本上仍在使用。"《中国经济周刊》李彦宏（Robin Li）表示："中国绝大多数人工智能也应该用于美国建立的深度学习框架。

NPC and CPPCC China Chairman Robin Li operating system basically said that the operation system of AI era, which means deep learning operation framework, is basically still used by American technology during the two sessions of the National People's Congress in 2020. "The vast majority of AI in China should also be used on the deep learning framework built in the US," said Robin Li, the China Economic Weekly.

TCL董事长李东生表示，经过多年的发展，我国半导体显示产业已投资1.3万亿元。目前，产业规模已居世界第一。但在面板行业，优质、精良、尖端的关键材料和核心设备仍严重依赖进口，国内替代问题亟待解决。

Li Dongsheng, chairman of TCL, said that after years of development, China's semiconductor display industry has invested 13000 billion yuan. At present, the scale of the industry has become the first in the world. However, in the panel industry, high-quality, sophisticated and cutting-edge key materials and core equipment are still heavily dependent on imports, and the problem of domestic substitution urgently needs to be solved.

新的"断链"风险仍在累积。

New "chain breaking" risks are still accumulating.

中国新奇的冠状病毒肺炎和中美贸易冲突是中国将留下的关键产业。国家企业合规委员会副主任委员、副主任委员王志乐在新世纪跨国公司研究院表示，新政府关注的是医药、能源、电力、通信等国家安全产业，一些关键环节将离开中国国家企业合规委员会主任王志乐说。

China's novel coronavirus pneumonia and the Sino US trade conflict are the key industries that will be left by China. The new government is concerned about the national security industry, such as medicine, energy, electricity and communications, and so on, and some key links will leave China, Wang Zhile, vice president of the National Commission for enterprise compliance, said in the new century's Research Institute of transnational corporations and vice chairman of the national enterprise compliance committee, said Wang Zhile.

外交学院教授施展在接受《中国经济周刊》专访时表示，他认为绝大多数行业不会退出中国，因为大多数行业与安全无关，仍然是从成本的角度考虑的。一些安全相关产业将退出，但这些产业在整个制造业中所占比例很小。

In an exclusive interview with China Economic Weekly, Shi Zhan, a professor of the school of foreign affairs, said that he believed that the vast majority of industries would not withdraw from China, because most industries were not related to security, and they were still considered from the perspective of cost. Some security related industries would withdraw, but those industries accounted for a small proportion in the whole manufacturing industry.

他担心的是，这些与安全相关的行业普遍处于技术前沿。"西方国家在改造相关产业时，可能与中国形成两套平行的生产体系，也可能有两套平行的技术路线。几年后，它们将形成新一轮的技术迭代，中国很可能跟不上。

What he worries about is that these safety related industries are generally leading the forefront of technology. "When western countries rebuild related industries, they may form two sets of parallel production systems with China, and there may be two sets of parallel technological routes. After a few years, they will form a new round of technological iteration, and China is likely to fail to keep up.

北斗产业链可以看作是一种自主发展的产业链模式。

The self reliant development of Beidou industry can be regarded as a model of independent and controllable industrial chain supply chain.

8月3日，中国卫星导航系统管理办公室主任冉成奇介绍，400多家单位、30多万科技人员汇聚智慧攻关，攻克了星间链路、高精度原子钟等160多项关键核心技术，突破500多种卫星部件国产化发展，实现北斗三号卫星核心部件国产化率100%。

On August 3, ran Chengqi, director of China's satellite navigation system management office, introduced that more than 400 units and more than 300000 scientific and technological personnel have gathered their wisdom to tackle key problems, conquered more than 160 key core technologies such as inter satellite links and high-precision atomic clocks, broken through the localization development of more than 500 kinds of satellite components, and achieved the localization rate of beidou-3 satellite core components of 100%.

芯片是卫星的核心部件。北斗三号卫星系统总设计师、中科院微卫星创新研究所副所长林保军在接受《中国经济周刊》专访时表示，北斗三号需要大量计算。北斗三号的"心脏"使用了中国科学院研制的国产龙芯，一个龙芯的计算能力是国外芯片的10倍。

Chip is the core component of satellite. In an exclusive interview with China Economic Weekly, Lin Baojun, chief designer of beidou-3 satellite system and vice president of the Institute of microsatellite innovation of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, said that beidou-3 needs a lot of computation. The "heart" of beidou-3 uses the domestic Loongson developed by the Chinese Academy of Sciences, and one Loongson has 10 times the computing power of foreign chips.

发动机、液压系统、底盘等关键零部件长期以来都是我国工程机械行业的短板。徐工、三一、中联重科作为中国工程机械行业的领军企业，长期以来都非常重视核心零部件的自主控制。

Engine, hydraulic system, chassis and other key parts are the short board of China's construction machinery industry for a long time. XCMG, Sany and Zoomlion, the leaders of China's construction machinery industry, have attached great importance to the independent control of core parts for a long time.

中联重科詹春新表示，在工程机械行业，中国企业已进入"无人区"。中联重科应利用原创基础研究成果支持应用技术创新，为中国装备制造业的强链、补链、延伸链做出贡献。

Zhan Chunxin of Zoomlion said that in the construction machinery industry, Chinese enterprises have entered the "no man's land". Zoomlion should use original and fundamental basic research results to support applied technology innovation and make contributions to the strong chain, supplement chain and extension chain of China's equipment manufacturing.

中联重科在2020年12月批准的66亿元固定增长计划中，计划投资13亿元用于关键零部件制造。

Among the 6.6 billion yuan fixed increase plan approved by Zoomlion in December 2020, 1.3 billion yuan is planned to be invested in the manufacturing of key parts.

2011年起，三一重工开始研发发动机。现在，其自主研发的发动机已应用于挖掘机、混凝土搅拌车、起重机、道路机械等工程机械产品中。"现在，三一重工的10辆泵车中有一半以上是自制的，"中国新型冠状病毒肺炎三一泵事业部智能制造总监饶有福告诉《中国经济周刊》，在新皇冠肺炎流行期间，三一重工购买了国外的底盘，受到了31辆底盘的影响。

Since 2011, Sany Heavy Industry has started to develop engines. Now, its self-developed engines have been used in excavators, concrete mixer trucks, cranes, road machinery and other construction machinery products. "Now, more than half of Sany's 10 pump trucks are self-made." Rao Youfu, China's novel coronavirus pneumonia, Sany Pump Division Director of intelligent manufacturing, told the China Economic Weekly that during the new crown pneumonia epidemic, the company purchased foreign chassis and was affected by the 31 chassis.

以高铁为代表的轨道交通产业已成为中国装备制造业的名片，并从追赶走向领先迈出了三大步。如今，进入轨道交通智能化新时代，冯江华强调，要确保轨道交通产业健康有序发展，确保高铁供应链不受影响，一方面，一方面要积极培育其在产业链前端的原始创新能力，另一方面要能够打造一个完全自主可控的产业和创新生态系统，围绕产品全生命周期提供智能化服务，构建自动化、数字化、智能化的产业体系智能产品和系统。

The rail transit industry represented by high-speed rail has become the name card of China's equipment manufacturing, and has taken three big steps from catching up to leading. Now, entering the new era of intelligent rail transit, Feng Jianghua stressed that to ensure the healthy and orderly development of rail transit industry, to ensure that the supply chain of high-speed rail is not affected, on the one hand, it is necessary to actively cultivate its original innovation ability at the front end of the industrial chain, on the other hand, it is necessary to be able to create a completely independent and controllable industry and innovation ecosystem, and provide intelligent services around the whole life cycle of products To build automatic, digital and intelligent products and systems.

（本文刊登于2020年第24期《中国经济周刊》）

(this article is published in the 24th issue of China Economic Weekly in 2020)

Link：https://new.qq.com/omn/20201231/20201231A0B0GT00.html

update time：2020-12-31 18:58:28