My parents asked me to play less with my mobile phone. How can I reasonably say "I can't do it"?

回家过年时，父母是否总是对你说："不要玩手机，眼睛会瞎的"？当你被迫放下手机时，你是否感到不安，甚至产生微信提示声音的错觉？你担心电池电量低吗？

When you go home for the new year, are you always told by your parents, "don't play with your mobile phone, your eyes are going to be blind"? Do you feel uneasy when you are forced to put down your mobile phone, or even have the illusion that wechat prompts sound? Are you anxious about the low battery?

我们每天看手机好几个小时。手机似乎已经成为人体的一部分。没有手机人们就不能行动。难怪有学者将电力需求和WiFi需求定义为现代人生活中最基本的生理需求。

We are looking at mobile phones for hours every day. It seems that mobile phones have become a part of human body. People can't move without their mobile phones. No wonder some scholars define the power demand and WiFi demand as the most basic physiological needs of modern people's life.

1973年，当摩托罗拉的工程师马丁·库珀（Martin Cooper）给纽约市的第一部手机打电话时，没有人想到手机会对我们产生如此巨大的影响。2007年，乔布斯正式发布了第一代苹果智能手机。从那时起，手机彻底改变了我们的生活。

When Martin Cooper, an engineer of Motorola, called the first mobile phone in New York City in 1973, no one thought that mobile phones would have such a huge impact on us. In 2007, jobs officially released the first generation of Apple smart phones. Since then, our lives have been completely changed by mobile phones.

著名媒体理论家麦克卢汉提出了"媒体就是信息"的观点。麦克卢汉认为，真正有意义的信息不是每个时代媒体的内容，而是媒体本身。

McLuhan, a famous media theorist, puts forward the idea that "media is information". McLuhan believes that the real meaningful message is not the content of the media in each era, but the media itself.

新媒体的出现，直接改变了我们的认识和思维习惯，甚至给整个人类社会带来了变化。玻尔兹曼曾经说过："技术变革不是加性的，而是生态的。一项新技术不仅仅是增加一些东西，而是改变一切。"

The emergence of new media has directly changed our habit of understanding and thinking, and even brought about changes in the whole human society. Boltzmann once said: "technological change is not additive, but ecological. A new technology is not just adding something, but changing everything."

手机的出现不仅仅是人体器官功能的延伸，它几乎已经成为我们的器官之一。随着手机功能越来越强大，通信技术也越来越快，它给人类社会带来的变化是翻天覆地的。

The emergence of mobile phone is not only the extension of human organ function, it has almost become one of our organs. With the more and more powerful functions of mobile phones, the communication technology is also faster and faster, and the changes it brings to human society are earth shaking.

既然手机的出现有着深远的影响，我们应该如何看待这种新媒体？事实上，许多学者并没有完全放松警惕。

Since the emergence of mobile phones has a profound impact, how should we view this new media? In fact, many scholars have not completely relaxed their vigilance.

比如，在法兰克福学派看来，技术只为权力服务，让观众成为温顺的奴隶，媒体策划的大众文化也疏远了人，让人成为工具理性主导的傀儡。

For example, in the view of Frankfurt school, technology only serves for power to make the audience become docile slaves, and the mass culture planned by the media also alienates people and makes people become puppets dominated by instrumental rationality.

关于技术，实际上有两种观点。例如，我们可能经常被父母批评沉迷于戏剧，看短视频，花很少的时间阅读和学习。这一观点也是尼尔·玻尔兹曼所担心的。

There are actually two views on technology. For example, we may often be criticized by our parents for indulging in dramas, watching short videos, and spending little time reading and learning. This view is also Neil Boltzmann's worry.

玻尔兹曼认为电子文化是对印刷文化的颠覆，因为文字可以培养理性，人们可以通过阅读书籍来学习批判性思维。但图像的出现会使人们的感性认识多于理性分析，使人们陷入"娱乐至死"的境地。

Boltzmann thinks that electronic culture is the subversion of print culture, because words can cultivate rationality, and people can learn critical thinking by reading books. But the appearance of images will make people's perceptual knowledge more than rational analysis, and make people fall into the situation of "entertainment to death".

但莱文森有不同的看法。在他看来，语言本身是对现实的抽象，而词语是对口语的再抽象。这种双重抽象使人在阅读过程中容易受到外界干扰。难怪图像或视频有很强的吸引力，因为它们对现实世界的反应更真实，更符合人们对现实世界的认知。从这个角度看，短视频普及的背后是为了满足人类交流的深层需求。

But Levinson has a different view. In his view, language itself is the abstraction of reality, while words are the re abstraction of spoken language. This kind of double abstraction makes people vulnerable to external interference in the process of reading. No wonder images or videos have strong attraction, because their response to the real world is more realistic and more in line with people's cognition of the real world. From this point of view, behind the popularity of short video is to meet the deep needs of human communication.

手机给我们带来了什么深刻的影响？

What deep influence does mobile phone bring to us?

以上是从媒体进化的角度来探讨手机出现的必然性，但是手机在我们的日常生活中到底造成了什么样的变化，这些变化对我们是好是坏？

The above is from the perspective of media evolution to discuss the inevitability of the emergence of mobile phones, but what changes have mobile phones really caused in our daily life, and whether these changes are good or bad for us?

首先，手机不仅弥补了媒体的移动性，还解决了通信延迟的问题。我们可以随时与人交谈。这种及时的反应使人们摆脱了时间和空间的限制，最终实现了交往的自由。

First of all, mobile phones not only make up for media mobility, but also solve the problem of communication delay. We can talk to people at any time. This kind of timely response makes people get rid of the limitation of time and space, and finally realize the freedom of contact.

然而，这种追求沟通速度的结果是，我们没有足够的时间去思考，做出理性的表达。大量的即时内容在我们的生活中造成了信息冗余甚至泛滥，我们无法仔细辨别自己真正需要的是什么，往往没有时间去深思熟虑。

However, the result of this pursuit of communication speed is that we don't have enough time to think to make rational expression. A large number of instant content in our lives caused information redundancy or even flooding, we can not carefully distinguish what we really need, and often do not have time to deliberate.

这使得人们更倾向于情感表达，从而更容易冲动。同时，我们更有可能反应过度。莱文森说："因为当事人看不到对方的脸，听不到对方的声音，他们失去了其他可以减少误解的暗示，也促进了一种狂野而尖锐的反应：在显示屏前比在脸前更容易咄咄逼人。"

This makes people more inclined to emotional expression, and thus more impulsive. At the same time, we are more likely to overreact. Levinson said: "because the parties can't see each other's faces and hear each other's voices, they lose other hints that can reduce misunderstandings, and also promote a wild and sharp response: it's easier to be aggressive in front of a display screen than in front of a face."

其次，智能手机的出现使我们无法在工作和生活之间划清界限。手机的移动性模糊了各个领域的界限。我们必须扮演多重角色，随时准备转换角色。用莱文森的话说，"商业和个人生活的同质化已经被送回办公室。因此，世界上只工作或只玩的地方越来越少。"

Secondly, the emergence of smart phones makes it impossible for us to draw a clear line between work and life. The mobility of mobile phones blurs the boundaries of various fields. We have to play multiple roles and be ready to switch at any time. In Levinson's words, "the homogenization of business and personal life has been sent back to the office. As a result, there are fewer and fewer places in the world that only work or only play. "

不仅如此，手机的出现也使我们连续不断的生活被打断。你有没有害怕手机突然响？不管你处于什么情况或心情，只要电话响了，你就不能停止，除非你关掉电话。我们不能自由选择与谁交流。只要我们打开它，我们就得面对这个随时可能来的"多管闲事者"。

Not only that, the emergence of mobile phones also caused our continuous life to be interrupted. Have you ever had the fear of a cell phone ringing suddenly? No matter what situation or mood you are in, as long as the phone rings, you can't stop it unless you turn off the phone. We can't freely choose who we want to communicate with. As long as we turn it on, we have to face this "meddler" who may come at any time.

莱文森称手机是"不可阻挡的电话"。但莱文森并不在乎这种影响。他乐观地认为，作为手机的拥有者，我们可以决定如何使用手机。如果越来越多的人期望有一个休息，那么我们就可以形成相应的社会规范，让人们有权在自己选择的时间内自由退出接触。

Levinson called mobile phones "unstoppable calls.". But Levinson didn't care about the impact. He believes optimistically that as the owners of mobile phones, we can decide how to use them. If more and more people expect to have a break, then we can form the corresponding social norms, so that people can have the right to freely withdraw from contact within the time they choose.

频繁使用手机造成的另一个问题是时间的碎片化。我们每天都会时不时地打开手机，但使用手机的时间可能并不长。即使我们长时间玩手机，我们也喜欢用快餐的方式获取信息。碎片非常明显。这种快节奏的生活把人的整个时间都打破成碎片，让我们失去了读书看戏的耐心。

Another problem caused by frequent use of mobile phones is the fragmentation of time. We turn on the mobile phone from time to time every day, but the time we use it may not be long. Even if we play with the mobile phone for a long time, we like to get information in a fast-food way. The fragmentation is very obvious. This fast pace of life breaks people's whole time into fragments, which makes us lose the patience of reading a book and watching a play.

1郑燕。人是媒介的标尺——保罗·莱文森媒介思想研究[D]。济南：山东大学，2014

1. Zheng Yan. People are the yardstick of media -- Research on Paul Levinson's media thought [D]. Jinan: Shandong University, 2014

2左路。媒体环境视角下的移动互联网通信及其影响研究[D]。成都：四川外国语大学，2014年

2. Zuo Lu. Research on mobile Internet communication and its influence from the perspective of media environment [D]. Chengdu: Sichuan Foreign Studies University, 2014

三。丁力生。新媒体环境下受众媒介依赖研究[D]。长沙：中南大学，2012

3. Ding Li f Sheng. Research on audience's media dependence in the new media environment [D]. Changsha: Central South University, 2012

4马丹晨。信息传播视角下的"手机人"研究[D]。南京：南京师范大学，2014

4. Ma Danchen. Research on "mobile phone people" from the perspective of information communication [D]. Nanjing: Nanjing Normal University, 2014

5雪莉·特克尔。群体孤独[M]。浙江：浙江人民出版社，2014年3月

5. Shirley turker. Group loneliness [M]. Zhejiang: Zhejiang People's publishing house, March 2014

6尼古拉斯·卡尔。浅[M]。北京：中信出版社，2015年11月

6. Nicholas Carr. Shallow [M]. Beijing: CITIC press, November 2015

7保罗莱文森。数字麦克卢汉[M]。北京：社会科学文献出版社，2001年12月

7. Paul Levinson. Digital McLuhan [M]. Beijing: Social Sciences Literature Press, December 2001

8保罗莱文森。自由思维：技术时代的认识论[M].南京：南京大学出版社，2003

8. Paul Levinson. Unrestrained thought: epistemology in the age of technology [M] Nanjing: Nanjing University Press, 2003

9保罗莱文森。手机：不可抗拒的呼唤[M]北京：中国人民大学出版社，2004

9. Paul Levinson. Mobile phone: irresistible call [M] Beijing: China Renmin University Press, 2004

10保罗莱文森。软武器：信息革命的历史与未来[M]上海：复旦大学出版社，2011

10. Paul Levinson. Soft weapon: the history and future of information revolution [M] Shanghai: Fudan University Press, 2011

11保罗莱文森。新媒体[M]上海：复旦大学出版社，2011

11. Paul Levinson. New media [M] Shanghai: Fudan University Press, 2011

12马歇尔·麦克卢汉。理解媒体[M]北京：商务印书馆，2000

12. Marshall McLuhan. Understanding media [M] Beijing: Commercial Press, 2000

孙萌、张琴、刘海兰。手机在场效应的现象与机制[J]。中国临床心理学杂志，2020，28（6）：1274-1280

Sun Meng, Zhang Qin, Liu Hailan. The phenomenon and mechanism of mobile phone presence effect [J]. Chinese Journal of clinical psychology, 2020, 28 (6): 1274-1280

14《第47次中国互联网络发展统计报告》，中国互联网络信息中心，2021年2月3日

14. The 47th statistical report on the development of Internet in China, China Internet Network Information Center, February 3, 2021

15.Miller-Ott A，Kelly L.手机在浪漫伴侣面对面的互动中的存在：期望违背理论方法。南方传播杂志，2015，80（4）：253-270

15.Miller-Ott A, Kelly L. The Presence of Cell Phones in Romantic Partner Face-to-Face Interactions: An Expectancy Violation Theory Approach. Southern Communication Journal, 2015, 80(4): 253-270

Link：https://new.qq.com/omn/20210210/20210210A021HQ00.html

update time：2021-02-10 10:59:26