No parking space, unsafe, difficult to increase capacity, trapped in the charging pile outside the community

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The full text consists of 3724 words and takes about 9 minutes to read

充电桩进小区有什么困难？近日，国家发改委下发文件，提高充换电基础设施服务保障能力，充电桩社区建设再次引起关注。北京商报记者采访了新能源汽车车主、小区物业、充电桩运营商等相关方面，发现在小区建设充电桩、车位供应、安全保障、扩电方面，审批流程等问题大大增加了业主和企业的桩基施工成本。买车容易，充电难。新能源汽车市场不断扩大。被困在小区外的业主和经营者、居委会和起关键作用的物业，正在经历最后一公里的博弈。

What is the difficulty of charging pile into the community? Recently, the national development and Reform Commission issued a document to improve the service guarantee ability of charging and swapping infrastructure, and the community construction of charging piles has once again aroused concern. Beijing Business Daily reporter interviewed the owners of new energy vehicles, residential property, charging pile operators and other relevant parties, and found that in the community construction of charging pile, parking space supply, safety guarantee, power expansion, approval process and other issues greatly increased the pile construction cost of owners and enterprises. It's easy to buy a car, but hard to charge. The market of new energy vehicles is expanding. The owners and operators trapped outside the community, the neighborhood committee and the property, which play a key role, are going through a last mile game.

很多新能源车主在楼下建充电桩非常方便。但记者发现，在实际过程中，建充电桩并不容易。

It's very convenient for many new energy car owners to build charging piles downstairs. But the reporter found that in the actual process, to build a charging pile is not easy.

"如果你想建充电桩，你必须先有一个停车位。"。这是家住西城家园社区的郭先生最大的苦恼。"我们小区长期租用固定车位，有使用权，但没有所有权。停车位一直很紧。以前他们排队等候，但现在需求越来越大。他们只能由物业管理部门以摇号的方式进行协调。"

"If you want to build a charging pile, you must first have a parking space.". This is the biggest distress of Mr. Guo, who lives in Xicheng Jiayuan community. "Our community rents fixed parking spaces for a long time, and has the right to use them, but no ownership. Parking spaces have always been very tight. They used to wait in line before, but now the demand is growing. They can only be coordinated by the property management in the way of wagging numbers. "

发挥关键作用的房地产也是游戏的中心。根据郭先生提供的线索，北京商报记者联系到了西城家园北京祥泰安福物业管理有限公司的物业，该物业负责人表示："如果要办理充电桩安装手续，必须是业主本人，而且车位也是他自己的，才可以申请。现在小区没有车位可供，只能等，碰到其他业主退出来，有空余车位，可以办理手续

Property, which plays a key role, is also at the center of the game. According to the clues provided by Mr. Guo, the reporter of Beijing business daily contacted the property of Xicheng home Beijing Xiangtai Anfu Property Management Co., Ltd. The person in charge of the property said: "if you want to go through the charging pile installation procedures, it must be the owner himself, and the parking space is also his own, before you can apply. Now the community has no parking space to provide, can only wait, run into other owners back out, have spare parking space, can go through the process

北京停车位短缺已不是新鲜事，所有大城市也都面临着这个问题。在油车时代，车位短缺直接带来了"停车难"的问题。不过，对于新能源汽车来说，在社区建充电桩的基本前提是要有停车位。自然，新能源车主在"停车难"的基础上又增加了"充电难"。

The shortage of parking spaces in Beijing is not new, and all big cities are also facing this problem. In the era of oil vehicles, the shortage of parking spaces directly brings about the problem of "parking difficulty". However, for new energy vehicles, the basic premise of building charging piles in the community is to have parking spaces. Naturally, new energy vehicle owners add "charging difficulty" to the "parking difficulty".

公共充电站的供应情况不容乐观。我国共有公共充电桩80.7万个，但2019年，中汽协公布的数据显示，公共充电桩停车位中，燃油车占35.94%。此外，北上深等十大热门城市的公共充电桩有20.65%出现故障。

The supply of public charging points is not optimistic. In China, there are 807000 public charging piles, but in 2019, the data released by China Automobile Association shows that 35.94% of the parking spaces of public charging piles are occupied by fuel vehicles. In addition, 20.65% of the public charging piles in the top ten popular cities, such as beishangshen, have failed.

这一点也得到了新能源股份有限公司运营中心副总经理王亮的证实，他在接受《北京商报》记者采访时表示："北京的停车资源非常紧张，一些收费专用停车位将被燃油车占用。此外，在公共充电桩上，如果充电时间长，停车费也高。"

This has also been confirmed by Wang Liang, deputy general manager of operation center of new energy Co., Ltd. He told Beijing Business Daily: "Beijing's parking resources are very tight, and some special parking spaces for charging will be occupied by fuel vehicles. In addition, on the public charging pile, if the charging time is long, the parking fee is also high. "

财产

Property

谁负责安全

Who is in charge of safety

幸运的是，郭先生在西城家的充电桩安装过程并不麻烦。该物业负责人告诉《北京商报》记者，车主准备好充电桩后，只需找到物业并封存，其余车主可以自行操作，无需另外办理证件和审批手续。

Fortunately for Mr. Guo, the installation process of the charging pile in Xicheng home is not troublesome. The person in charge of the property told Beijing Business Daily that after the car owners have prepared the charging pile, they just need to find the property and seal it, and the remaining owners can operate it by themselves, without additional documents and approval process.

并非所有建成社区都具备支持充电桩建设的完整条件。在北京主城区的老住宅区，由于建设较早，空间和电力资源不足，因此消防安全成为核心问题之一。

Not all built-up communities have complete conditions to support the construction of charging piles. In the old residential areas in the main urban area of Beijing, due to the early construction, there is not enough space and power resources, so fire safety has become one of the core issues.

虽然火灾情况不如电动自行车严重，但新能源汽车的火灾问题时有发生。就在5月28日，广东省河源市一辆新能源电动车充电一小时后突然冒烟。车主立即切断电源停止充电，并报警。这种消防安全隐患也成为许多物业和居民投票反对充电桩进入小区的原因之一。

Although the fire situation is not as serious as that of electric bicycle, the fire problems of new energy vehicles occur from time to time. Just on May 28, a new energy electric vehicle in Heyuan City of Guangdong Province suddenly fumed after charging for an hour. The owner immediately pulled off the power supply to stop charging and called the police. This fire safety hazard has also become one of the reasons why many properties and residents vote against charging piles entering the community.

家住朝阳区老旧小区的新能源业主姚瑶告诉《北京商报》记者："如果要在老旧小区安装充电桩，就涉及到'接线'和'装桩'的问题，这些问题都涉及通电。在这个过程中必然会有一些安全隐患，"在瑶瑶社区，如果要安装充电桩，需要与附近居民沟通，签订一份火灾隐患相关责任书"，大部分居民都不愿意。毕竟，这是危险的。"无奈的瑶瑶终于只能选择去公共充电桩充电了。

Yao Yao, a new energy owner who lives in an old residential area in Chaoyang District, told Beijing Business Daily: "if you want to install charging piles in an old residential area, it involves the problems of" wiring "and" installing piles ", which all involve power on. There are bound to be some security risks in the process." In Yaoyao's community, if you want to install charging piles, you need to communicate with nearby residents to sign a letter of responsibility related to fire hazards" Most of the residents are unwilling. After all, it is dangerous. " Helpless Yao Yao finally can only choose to go to the public charging pile charging.

为确保充电桩进入社区的安全，国家发改委还在草案中指出，充电安全监督管理制度应覆盖到居民小区的充电设施。加快建立消防安全事故处理和追溯机制，强化车辆企业和蓄电池企业的安全责任。

In order to ensure the safety of charging pile into the community, the national development and Reform Commission also indicated in the draft that the charging safety supervision and management system should be covered to the charging facilities in the residential community. Speed up the establishment of fire safety accident treatment and traceability mechanism, and strengthen the safety responsibility of vehicle enterprises and battery enterprises.

中国科学院院士、中国电动汽车百人协会常务副理事长欧阳明高此前曾公开解释新能源汽车充电起火原因。一般来说，热失控通常发生在满功率。因此，当过充时，很容易触发热失控。同时，在充电状态下，电池与充电系统相连，这进一步增加了热失控的可能性。

Ouyang Minggao, academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and executive vice chairman of the 100 people association of China's electric vehicles, had previously publicly explained the cause of the new energy vehicle charging fire. Generally speaking, thermal runaway usually occurs at full power. So when overcharging, thermal runaway is easy to be triggered. At the same time, in the state of charge, the battery is connected with the charging system, which further increases the possibility of thermal runaway.

针对安全问题，5月20日，telecall首席科学家鞠强在首届中国电动汽车充电设施技术创新大会上表示，自7月1日起，在telecall充电网络平台下充电时间较长的汽车将"烧毁，在充电过程中，我会为这辆车付钱。

In response to safety issues, on May 20, Ju Qiang, chief scientist of telecall, said at the first China electric vehicle charging facility technology innovation conference that since July 1, cars that have been charging under the platform of telecall charging network for a long time will "burn down, I will pay for the car" during the charging process.

这一措施也被称为"烧车保险"。同日，特别电话还发布了《充电安全防护方案》，电动汽车用户可享受车辆充电安全防护和预警服务。此外，鞠强还表示，接下来，新桩原则上只做直流，不做交流，最大限度地保护车辆充电安全。

This measure is also known as "car burning insurance". On the same day, the special call also released the "charging safety protection plan", electric vehicle users can enjoy vehicle charging safety protection and early warning services. In addition, Ju Qiang also said that next, in principle, the new piles only do DC, not AC, to protect the charging safety of vehicles to the greatest extent.

企业

enterprise

容量增加小，成本高

Small capacity increase and high cost

天涯数据显示，2016年至2020年，我国充电桩相关企业注册年增长率超过30%，2015年，我国充电桩相关企业仅5000家左右。到2020年，新建充电桩相关企业2.9万多家，是2015年的近6倍，被列入"新基础设施"的充电桩，在接受各类资本不断增加的投资后，将形成万亿级市场。

Tianyan data show that the annual registration growth rate of China's charging pile related enterprises is more than 30% from 2016 to 2020. In 2015, there were only about 5000 charging pile related enterprises in China. In 2020, there will be more than 29000 new charging pile related enterprises, which is nearly six times of 2015. The charging pile, which has been included in the "new infrastructure", will generate a trillion level market after receiving the increasing investment from all kinds of capital.

如此庞大的规模体现了新能源汽车的巨大潜力，也带动了充电桩企业抢占市场。但这么多企业想分一杯羹，却在奋力推进私桩建设。

Such a large scale reflects the great potential of new energy vehicles, and also drives charging pile enterprises to seize the market. But so many enterprises want a share, but they are struggling to promote the construction of private piles.

中国电力联盟电动汽车与储能分公司副总裁刘永东在接受《北京商报》记者采访时表示："2015年，国家出台了以慢充为主、快充为辅的指导意见。主要目的是希望大家在家充电。但是，近年来的发展在实事求是方面并不尽如人意。虽然已经规划了公桩的数量，但没有私桩。"

Liu Yongdong, vice president of electric vehicles and energy storage branch of China Electric Power Union, told Beijing Business Daily: "in 2015, the state issued guidelines, which mainly focus on slow charging, supplemented by fast charging. The main purpose is to hope everyone to charge at home. However, the development in recent years is not satisfactory in terms of seeking truth from facts. Although the number of public piles has been planned, there are no private piles. "

私桩进展受阻，充电桩企业感触颇深。"北京的投资建设成本要比其他城市高出很多，高压的投资也比较高，"王说。如果你选择了一个地方去做，那么报告的过程和周期会相对较长。"

The progress of private piles is hindered, and charging pile enterprises feel deeply. "The cost of investment and construction in Beijing is much higher than that in other cities, and the investment of high-pressure is relatively high," Wang said. If you choose a place to do it, the process and cycle will be relatively long when reporting piles. "

另一方面，深圳市奥特鑫电力设备有限公司电动汽车充电设施业务总监陈胜也对《北京商报》记者表示："北京三环路内的剩余电容较少，老城区增容难度较大。除三环路外，我们还发现了一些具备扩容条件的场馆。扩容成本高，导致投资成本过高。"

On the other hand, Chen Sheng, the business director of electric vehicle charging facilities of Shenzhen aotexin Power Equipment Co., Ltd., also told Beijing Business Daily: "the surplus capacitance within the Third Ring Road of Beijing is less, and it is more difficult to increase the capacity of the old city. In addition to the Third Ring Road, we have also found some venues that are qualified for capacity expansion. The cost of capacity expansion is high, which leads to too much investment cost. "

北京商报记者了解到，造成用电压力大的原因之一是，大多数新能源汽车用户采用的充电方式是"无序充电"，即固定功率输出。当停车时间由用户决定时，居民的正常负荷与充电负荷叠加，加剧了电网的峰值负荷水平。

Beijing business daily learned that one of the reasons for the high power consumption pressure is that the charging mode adopted by most new energy vehicle users is "disorderly charging", which is a fixed power output. When the parking time is decided by users, the normal load and charging load of residents are superimposed, which aggravates the peak load level of power grid.

对于大多数社区车主来说，只要晚上能插上枪，早上就能离开，中间的充电过程就相对不那么重要了。于是，"有序收费"应运而生。

For most community car owners, as long as they can plug in the gun at night and leave in the morning, the middle charging process is relatively less important. Therefore, "orderly charging" came into being.

据悉，以国家电网智能能源系统为主站，在不改造电网、不影响居民正常用电的情况下，可以制定有序的充电方案。一旦小区用电负荷过大，充电桩会根据主站控制策略调整充电顺序或自动降低输出功率，从而优先满足居民正常生活用电。同时，根据智能充电策略，可在低电价期间独立充电，降低充电成本，节省车主等待时间。

It is reported that taking the smart energy system of State Grid as the main station, an orderly charging plan can be formulated without transforming the power grid and affecting the normal power consumption of residents. Once the power load of the residential area is too large, the charging pile will adjust the charging sequence or automatically reduce the output power according to the master station control strategy, so as to give priority to the residents' normal life power. At the same time, according to the smart charging strategy, it can charge independently during the period of low electricity price, so as to reduce the charging cost and save the waiting time for car owners.

"操作员模式"优先

"Operator mode" favored

虽然新能源汽车产业发展如火如荼，但充电桩短缺已成为制约因素。根据中国充电基础设施促进联盟发布的数据，截至2020年12月底，全国共有充电桩168.1万根，比2019年增长37.9%，但2020年车桩比约为3:1，仍处于供不应求的状态。

Although the development of new energy vehicle industry is in full swing, the shortage of charging piles has become a constraint. According to the data released by China electric charging infrastructure promotion alliance, as of the end of December 2020, there are 1.681 million charging piles nationwide, an increase of 37.9% compared with 2019. But in 2020, the ratio of vehicle to pile is about 3:1, which is still in short supply.

"因此，住宅小区的开发必须加大力度。"刘永东说，"从未来技术发展路线的角度来看，我们应该鼓励人们在家里充电，慢慢充电，并让公众体验。"

"Therefore, the development of residential areas must be intensified." Liu Yongdong said, "from the perspective of the future technology development route, we should encourage people to charge at home, slow charging, and the public's experience."

这也得到了企业的认可。在王亮看来，充电桩的建设主要集中在"两点一线"，即住宅和目的地。此前，公桩的建设已经较好地覆盖了目的地，因此，住宅小区私桩建设自然成为企业的生力军。

This has also been recognized by enterprises. In Wang Liang's view, the construction of charging pile mainly focuses on "two points and one line", namely residence and destination. Previously, the construction of public piles has better covered the destination, so the construction of private piles in residential areas has naturally become a new force for enterprises.

但针对前面提到的问题，刘永东认为应该是一种立体化、多元化的技术解决方案，应该根据情况来处理："鉴于小区能力不足，场地、物业、居民、居委会意见不一，我们可以通过有序收费来解决问题；如果容量足够，就可以进行改造；一些社区没有空间和容量，所以只能在周围建共用的大功率直流充电器来解决问题。而新小区应按1:1的比例建设，完善住宅设计规范，并设计各条线路的连接方式

However, in view of the problems mentioned before, Liu Yongdong thinks that it should be a three-dimensional and diversified technical solution, which should be dealt with according to the situation: "in view of the insufficient capacity of the community and the different opinions of the site, property, residents and neighborhood committee, we can solve the problems by orderly charging; If the capacity is enough, it can be transformed; Some communities have no space and capacity, so they can only build shared high-power DC chargers around to solve the problem. And the new community should be built according to the ratio of 1:1, improve the residential design specifications, and design the connection mode of each line

值得注意的是，充电桩的运行模式也在发生变化。此前，除了小区内建的极少数充电桩外，大部分都是车主通过汽车公司购买后安装的。每根充电桩的形状、价格、性能参差不齐，不利于居民区整个充电桩的产品质量控制。

It is worth noting that the operation mode of charging point is also changing. Previously, in addition to a very small number of charging piles built in the community, most of them were purchased by car owners through car companies and then installed. The shape, price and performance of each charging pile are uneven, which is not conducive to the product quality control of the whole charging pile in residential areas.

2018年，国务院办公厅印发《关于加快电动汽车充电基础设施建设的指导意见》，明确标准要统一、通用、公开，工程建设相关标准，完善运行维护管理。在这一指引的背后，"运营商模式"实际上是在推广运营充电桩市场。

In 2018, the general office of the State Council issued the guiding opinions on accelerating the construction of electric vehicle charging infrastructure, which made it clear that the standards should be unified, universal and open, and the standards related to engineering construction, operation service and maintenance management should be improved. Behind this guidance, the "operator mode" is actually promoted to operate the charging pile market.

这种类似的宽带运营模式也是特殊呼叫的方向。王亮说："运营商模式意味着统一建设和管理。我们负责所有的安装，施工，谈判和安全问题。如果有问题，你可以直接来找我们。你不需要挨家挨户去。"

This similar broadband operation mode is also the direction of special call. Wang Liang said: "the operator's mode means unified construction and management. We are responsible for all the installation, construction, negotiation and safety issues. If there are problems, you can come to us directly. You don't need to go door to door."

刘永东还建议，"电网公司可以承担更多的义务，比如用电、铺设线路，甚至电网公司可以在社区统一配件，打破固有模式。现在我们充电桩的性能和质量都不一样，操作和维护都会有困难。今后，我们可以统一这个标准，交给充电站运营商管理，使用资源，这需要更详细的文件来下发。"

Liu Yongdong also suggested that "the power grid company can undertake more obligations, such as electricity, laying lines, and even the power grid company can unify accessories in the community to break the inherent mode. Now the performance and quality of our charging piles are different, and there will be difficulties in operation and maintenance. In the future, we can unify this standard, hand it over to the charging point operators for management, and use the resources, which needs more detailed documents to be issued. "

记者：陶凤若杭大

Reporter: Tao Fengruan Hangda

编辑胡可

Editor Hu Ke

Link：https://new.qq.com/omn/20210531/20210531A05IJ400.html

update time：2021-06-01 09:47:36