The "seven step poem" made by musk was not written by Cao Zhi

煮豆子，烧Osmunda，

Boil beans and burn Osmunda,

豆子在水壶里呜咽。

The bean sobbed in the kettle.

源于同一根,，

Originally from the same root,

太紧急了！

It's too urgent!

七步诗不是曹植的作品，而是一种文学常识。

The seven step poem is not Cao Zhi's work, but is actually a literary common sense.

这首诗既不见于陈寿的《三国志》，也不见于裴松志的《三国志注》。第一个记录这首诗的人是南宋学者刘一清写的笔记本小说《世说新语》。其原文是：

This poem is not found in Chen Shou's annals of the Three Kingdoms, nor in Pei Songzhi's notes to the annals of the Three Kingdoms. The first person to record the poem was the notebook novel Shi Shuo Xin Yu written by Liu Yiqing, a scholar of the Southern Song Dynasty. Its original text is:

文帝（曹丕）试图命令国王东阿（曹植）分七步写一首诗。如果他失败了，他将遵循伟大的法则。他回答了这首诗，说：煮豆子，把豆子当汤，把豆子当汁渗。薇菜在水壶下燃烧，豆子在水壶里哭泣。他生在同一个根上。为什么互相煎太急了？皇帝深感羞愧。"

"Emperor Wen (Cao Pi) tried to order king Dong'e (Cao Zhi) to write a poem in seven steps. If he failed, he would do the great law. He answered the poem and said: Boil beans and hold them as soup, and percolate beans as juice. The Osmunda burns under the kettle, and the beans cry in the kettle. He was born from the same root. Why is it too urgent to fry each other? The emperor is deeply ashamed."

当时，曹植去世已有200多年了。

At that time, it was more than 200 years since Cao Zhi died.

尤其重要的是，七步诗没有在曹植的诗集中找到。

It is particularly important that the seven step poem is not found in the collection of Cao Zhi.

曹植生前编纂了自己的文集《七十八为前》；魏明朝皇帝曹力命令仓力为曹植编纂一本各种题材的作品集，包括"百余篇"。这两件藏品流传于金代，一直保存到唐代。他们的损失发生在两宋交接的动乱时期。据《晋书》记载，晋武帝司马炎曾读过一部作品，怀疑是曹植所作，于是打电话给儿子曹植询问。曹植的回答是"第一位国王有一本手册目录，请你回去找"——可见曹植不仅留下了一本作品集，而且还留下了一本完整的作品目录。曹植后来回答司马炎说，这部作品不是曹植写的，真正的作者是曹立绥

Cao Zhi compiled his own collection of works before his death, "78 for the former"; Cao Li, emperor of Wei and Ming Dynasty, ordered Cangli to compile a collection of works on various themes for Cao Zhi, including "more than 100 articles". These two collections spread in the Jin Dynasty and were still well preserved until the Tang Dynasty. Their loss occurred in the troubled times at the handover of the two Song dynasties. According to the book of Jin, Sima Yan, Emperor Wu of Jin, read a work and suspected that it was written by Cao Zhi, so he called his son Cao Zhi for inquiry. Cao Zhi's reply is "the first king has a manual catalogue, please return to find it" -- it can be seen that Cao Zhi has not only left a collection of works, but also a complete catalogue of works. Cao Zhi later replied to Sima Yan that the work was not written by Cao Zhi and the real author was Cao lisui

南北朝和唐代的学者，凡是能看到《曹植记》全本三十卷的，一般只说《七步诗》出自《世说新语》，没有人说出自曹植记（如李山常在《文选》笔记中引用曹植记，但提到《七步诗》据说是引自《诗语》，说明他所读的《曹植记》中没有相关记载）。根据现有史料，没有关于《七步诗》的故事两晋一百五十多年间，这些事实充分说明了《曹植记》中没有"七步诗"，这不仅说明《曹植集》中没有"七步诗"，也说明曹植后人未发表的作品（如果有的话）中没有"七步诗"-基于合理的怀疑，曹犁粉饰父亲曹丕的形象可能会删除曹植不利于曹丕的作品。但是，进入金代后，仍然没有"七步诗"的故事可以解释这个问题。

Scholars of the northern and Southern Dynasties and Tang Dynasty who can see the thirty volumes of the complete version of Cao Zhiji generally only say that the "seven step poem" comes from Shi Shuo Xinyu, and no one says that it comes from Cao Zhiji (for example, Li Shan often quotes Cao Zhiji in his notes to the Anthology of works, but mentioning the seven step poem is said to be quoted from Shi Yu, which shows that there is no relevant record in Cao Zhiji he reads). According to the existing historical data, there was no story about the "seven step poem" in the more than 150 years of the two Jin Dynasties. These facts can fully explain that "seven step poetry" is not included in Cao Zhi Ji. It not only shows that there is no "seven step poem" in the collection of Cao Zhi, but also shows that there is no "seven step poem" in the unpublished works preserved by Cao Zhi's descendants (if they exist) - based on reasonable doubt, Cao Li's whitewashing of the image of his father Cao PI may delete Cao Zhi's works that are not conducive to Cao Pi. However, after entering the Jin Dynasty, there is still no story of "seven step poetry", which can explain the problem.

总之，《世说新语》是迄今为止七步诗的唯一来源。这大致相当于2021年出现的一本书，书中说清朝嘉庆皇帝（1796年至1820年在位）实际上写了一首诗，这首诗200多年来一直无人知晓。

In short, Shi Shuo Xin Yu is the only source of seven step poetry so far. This is roughly equivalent to a Book Emerging in 2021, saying that emperor Jiaqing of the Qing Dynasty (reigned from 1796 to 1820) actually wrote a poem, which was unknown for more than 200 years.

东晋顾恺之《罗神赋》中的曹植形象

Cao Zhi's image in Luo Shen Fu by Gu Kaizhi of the Eastern Jin Dynasty

七步诗故事所传达的内容信息也足以证明它是一部虚假的历史。

The content information conveyed by the seven step poem story is also enough to prove that it is a false history.

最明显的问题是情节的幼稚。正如郭沫若所说,

The most obvious problem is the childishness of the plot. As Guo Moruo said:

"如果曹丕想杀曹植，为什么要用强迫他写诗的借口呢？自建（曹植）只是成功了，他不知道，如果他真的想杀他，在写诗的时候他还是可以被杀的。他为什么要为被讽刺而深感羞耻呢？"

"If Cao Pi wants to kill Cao Zhi, why use the excuse of forcing him to write poetry? Zijian (Cao Zhi) is only successful, he doesn't know, and if he really wants to kill him, he can still be killed when the poetry is made. Why should he be deeply ashamed of being only satirized?"

叶家英还说,

Ye Jiaying also said:

"我认为这个谣言不可靠……凭他的智慧和策略，还有其他方法可以杀死曹植。他永远不会用这种愚蠢的方法。"

"I don't think this rumor is reliable... With his wisdom and strategy, there are other ways to kill Cao Zhi. He will never use this stupid way."

在送给曹丕的《鄄城王答谢表》中，曹植说他"违法，开始修宪，放弃了罪，终身守法"。这表明他确实犯下了严重的罪行，在曹丕手中自杀（或曹丕故意为他扣下这一罪行）。曹丕有这样的把柄，但他并没有直接杀死曹植。相反，他想玩"七步入诗"的游戏，如果他不会写，就杀人。很难解释，除了他脑子有毛病。

In the "table of thanks to the king of juancheng" presented to Cao Pi, Cao Zhi said that he "went against the law and began to work on the constitution; he gave up and held the sin for life". This shows that he did have a serious enough crime to kill himself in Cao Pi's hands (or Cao Pi deliberately deducted this crime for him). Cao Pi has such a handle, but he doesn't directly kill Cao Zhi. Instead, he wants to play the game of "seven steps into a poem" and kill people if he can't write. It's hard to explain except that he is ill in his brain.

此外，据黄永年考证，《世说新语》还记载了一个更为幼稚的"百步诗"故事。总的内容是：曹丕和曹植一起坐马车旅行。当他们看到两头母牛打架时，一头掉进井里死了。曹丕命令曹植写一首关于这一场景的诗。没有牛，没有井，没有战斗，没有死亡。你必须在离马100步以内完成40个单词，否则你将被"斩首"。曹植完成了40个字的诗篇，在百步之内写下了《同根生，何必急着炒对方》这首诗，这让曹丕深感惭愧。

In addition, according to Huang Yongnian's textual research, "Shi Shuo Xin Yu" also records a more childish "hundred step poem" story. The general content is: Cao Pi and Cao Zhi traveled in a carriage together. When they saw two cows fighting each other, one fell into a well and died. Cao Pi ordered Cao Zhi to write a poem on this scene. No cattle, no wells, no fighting, no death. You must complete 40 words within a hundred steps of the horse, or you will be "chopped". Cao Zhi completed 40 words of poetry and wrote the poem "born from the same root, why is it too urgent to fry each other" within a hundred steps, which made Cao Pi deeply ashamed.

这首"百步诗"的故事后来被北宋严漱删去，重新编撰了《世说新语》，只保存在北宋的大型书籍《太平广记》中。颜姝删除它的主要原因是重复和幼稚。重复意味着故事框架与"七步诗"大致相同；"童心"指的是故事中名为曹植的死牛诗。标准真的很低，连"老干部作风"都不如。全文如下:

This "hundred step poem" story was later deleted by Yan Shu of the Northern Song Dynasty, who re compiled Shishuoxinyu, and was only preserved in the Taiping Guangji, a large-scale book of the Northern Song Dynasty. The main reason why Yan Shu deleted it is repetition and childishness. Repetition means that the story frame is roughly the same as the "seven step poem"; Childishness refers to the dead cow poem named Cao Zhi in the story. The standard is really very low, even the "old cadre style" is inferior. The full text of the poem is as follows:

这两种肉搭配在一起，头上有水平的骨头。当你来到凼仔，你开始变得粗鲁。两个敌人并不强壮，一块肉藏在土洞里。如果力量不如力量，善良就无法发泄。

The two meats go together and wear horizontal bones on the head. When you come to Taipa, you start to be abrupt. Two enemies are not strong, one meat lies in the earth cave. If strength is not as good as strength, kindness cannot be vented.

此外，"七步诗"还具有浓厚的佛教色彩。

In addition, "seven step poem" also has a strong Buddhist color.

第一个是"七步"的词干非常特殊（通常取十步和一百步的整数）。它的来源是当时流传的"佛陀诞生的故事"。

The first is that the stem of "seven steps" is very special (normally, the integer of ten steps and one hundred steps will be taken). Its source is the "story of the birth of the Buddha" spread at that time.

这个故事被正式介绍到中国，始于汉朝咸帝时期的一位僧侣朱大理翻译的《修行经》。上面说佛陀从他母亲的右边出生后，"他走了七步，举起手说：天与世界是唯一的，三界都在受苦，我应该是安全的。"同样的记录也记录在智千翻译的瑞英王子的经文中，三国时期吴国的僧侣。此后，西晋僧侣翻译的《奇菩萨经原著》和《普瑶经》以及东晋僧侣翻译的《大宝经》中都有"佛七步宣示"的故事。

The story was officially introduced into China, which began with the book of practice, translated by Zhu Dali, a monk during the reign of Emperor Xian of the Han Dynasty. It says that after the Buddha was born from his mother's right flank, "he walked seven steps and raised his hand to say: Heaven and the world are exclusive. All three worlds are suffering, and I should be safe." the same record was also recorded in the prince Ruiying's Scripture translated by Zhi Qian, a monk in the state of Wu during the Three Kingdoms period. Since then, the story of "the Buddha took seven steps to make a declaration" can be seen in the "original Sutra of strange Bodhisattva" and "PuYao Sutra" translated by monks in the Western Jin Dynasty and the "dabaoji Sutra" translated by monks in the Eastern Jin Dynasty.

佛经中"七步"的共同词干

The common stem of "seven steps" in Buddhist scriptures

第二个是诗中"壶里煮豆"的比喻，这也是佛经中常见的元素。西晋僧侣翻译的《修道经》、《木炭经》和东晋僧侣翻译的《犁泥经》都是用煮豆来对应人们的苦难，煮豆的"铁壶"对应酷刑的"人壶"。

The second is the metaphor of "boiling beans in a kettle" in the poem, which is also a common element in Buddhist scriptures. The Sutra of practicing Taoism and the Sutra of building charcoal translated by monks in the Western Jin Dynasty and the mud plow Sutra translated by monks in the Eastern Jin Dynasty all used boiled beans to correspond to people's suffering, and the "iron kettle" of boiled beans to correspond to the "human kettle" of torture.

佛教传入中国后，经历了一个逐步本土化的过程。在这个过程中，许多佛教故事的主角被中国历史名人所取代。一个典型的例子是"曹冲自称大象"。根据陈寅恪的研究，故事的原型在佛经中，主人公后来从一个外国人变成了当地名人曹冲。曹植的"七步诗"显然也是同样的情况，"七步诗"的源头来自佛陀的故事，"壶里煮豆"的比喻也来自佛经，这些都是曹植死后流传的文化元素。

After Buddhism entered China, it experienced a gradual process of localization. In this process, the protagonists of many Buddhist stories were replaced by famous historical figures in China. A typical case is "Cao Chong calls himself an elephant". According to Chen Yinke's research, the prototype of the story is in the Buddhist sutra, and the protagonist later changed from a foreigner to a local celebrity Cao Chong. Cao Zhi's "seven step poem" is obviously the same situation - the stem of the "seven step poem" comes from the story of the Buddha, and the metaphor of "boiling beans in a kettle" also comes from the Buddhist scriptures, which are all cultural elements popularized after Cao Zhi's death.

The metaphor of "human cauldron" and boiled beans in Buddhist scriptures

剩下的问题是：为什么这些佛教文化元素更喜欢曹植，关注曹植，并演变成"七步成诗"的典故？

The remaining question is: why do these Buddhist cultural elements prefer Cao Zhi, focus on him, and evolve into an allusion of "seven steps into a poem"?

原因可能是金代和南北朝的佛教也需要曹植。

The reason may be that Buddhism in the Jin and southern and Northern Dynasties also needed Cao Zhi.

刘易卿在世的刘宋时期，曹植被认为是中国佛教诵经的创造者。《世说新语》说："今天的梵文唱法都是模仿的"——在曹植当东阿王期间，僧侣诵经的语调和风格都发生了变化。刘一清是一位"支持沙门氏菌"的资深佛教徒。他的大部分记录都是从佛教界听来的。在小七和小梁的后期，僧侣们也承认曹植是中土梵语歌唱的创造者。

In the Liu and Song Dynasties, when Liu Yiqing lived, Cao Zhi was regarded as the creator of Chinese Buddhist Chanting (chanting scriptures in the form of singing). "Shi Shuo Xin Yu" says: "today's Sanskrit singing is all made according to imitation" -- the tone and style of monks' chanting scriptures were all transformed during Cao Zhi's reign as king Dong a. Liu Yiqing is a senior Buddhist who "supports Salmonella". Most of his records are heard from the Buddhist circle. In the later times of Xiao Qi and Xiao Liang, monks also recognized Cao Zhi as the creator of Middle Earth Sanskrit singing.

事实上，在魏晋史料中，没有曹植创作梵文歌曲的记载。任继禹认为曹植创造梵文歌唱的理论是不可信的。但也有另一种可能：作为一种新的外来文化，梵语演唱吸引中国文化界的关注，被中国文化界接受，依靠中国文化名人，显然是最简单、最有效的方式。这种方法类似于传教士利玛窦（Matteo Ricci）来中国后将自己打扮成儒家，有些类似于当地小吃，据说是乾隆皇帝的祝福。曹植恰巧是魏晋文化圈中最受欢迎的人物，也是故事最多的人物。

In fact, in the historical data of the Wei and Jin Dynasties, there is no record of Cao Zhi's creation of Sanskrit singing. Ren Jiyu believes that Cao Zhi's theory of creating Sanskrit singing is not credible. But there is another possibility: as a new foreign culture, it is obviously the simplest and most effective way for Sanskrit singing to attract the attention of the Chinese cultural circles and be accepted by the Chinese cultural circles and to rely on a Chinese cultural celebrity. This method is similar to the missionary Matteo Ricci dressing himself up as a Confucian after coming to China, and some are similar to local snacks, which claim to have been blessed by Emperor Qianlong. Cao Zhi happened to be the most popular figure in the cultural circles of the Wei and Jin Dynasties, and also the figure with the most stories.

用梵文唱歌的曹植，自然会用佛经中"七步"的词干和"水壶煮豆"的比喻。"七步诗"的故事最终演变也就不足为奇了。

Cao Zhi, who is on the line with Sanskrit singing, will naturally be on the line with the stem of "seven steps" in the Buddhist sutra and the metaphor of "boiling beans in a kettle". It is not surprising that the story of "seven step poem" evolved in the end.

电视剧《三国演义》中的"七步诗"场景

The scene of "seven step poem" in the TV drama romance of the Three Kingdoms

事实上，古人发现《世说新语》版本中"七步诗"的故事逻辑是幼稚和不合理的。在回答"此地为何有佛经"（中土为何有佛经）的问题时，晚唐高僧齐福引用了唐代通俗史书《李帝志》，讲述了一个完全不同的"七步诗"故事：

In fact, the ancients found that the logic of the story of "seven step poem" in Shishuoxinyu version was childish and unreasonable. In response to the question of "why there are Buddhist Chants in this place" (why there are Buddhist Chants in Middle Earth), monk Qi Fu of the late Tang Dynasty quoted the popular historical book of the Tang Dynasty, "records of Emperor Li", and told a completely different story of "seven step poetry":

"武帝有两个儿子，一个是曹丕，一个是曹植。他长得漂亮，文质彬彬。他的哥哥皮彬彬有礼，对甄妃有偏见。"智被甄妃欺负，后来咬伤了自己的手臂，被困在木法里。当他哥哥看到妃的手臂咬伤，问起原因时，他想杀了他。如果他命令他走七步，如果这首诗成功了，他就不会杀了妃。如果你做不到，你就会被杀。这首诗说："煮豆子，在豆壶里煮好。"。一种是同根生的。为什么互相煎太急了？既然诗已经完成了，你就可以避免杀死他们。"

"Emperor Wu has two sons, Cao Pi, the first, and Cao Zhi,... (Cao Zhi). He is beautiful and gentle. His brother Pi is polite and biases the imperial concubine Zhen (imperial concubine). Zhi was then bullied by imperial concubine Zhen. Later, he gnawed his arm. He was trapped in MUFA. When his brother saw the imperial concubine's arm gnawing and asked about the cause, he wanted to kill him. If he ordered to take seven steps, he would not kill the imperial concubine if the poem was successful If you can't do it, you'll be killed. The poem says, "boil the beans and cure them in the bean kettle. One kind is born from the same root. Why is it too urgent to fry each other? Since the poem has been completed, you can avoid killing them."

在这个故事中，曹植不再是受害者，而是一个侵犯曹丕妻子甄的恶棍。曹丕让他分七步成诗。看来他想杀了他。事实上，他知道曹植的文学才华，并故意为曹植留下一条生存之路，为自己让位。这个故事的逻辑比《世说新语》流畅，但也不符合历史事实，犯了许多基本错误。

In this story, Cao Zhi is no longer a victim, but a villain who violated Zhen, Cao Pi's wife. Cao Pi let him become a poem in seven steps. It seems that he wants to kill him. In fact, he knows Cao Zhi's literary talent and deliberately leaves a way to live for Cao Zhi and a step down for himself. The logic of this story is smoother than that of Shi Shuo Xin Yu, but it is also inconsistent with historical facts and has made many basic mistakes.

总而言之，"七步诗"是一首好诗，但不是曹植写的。我们不知道它的作者是谁。（来源：腾讯新闻）

To sum up, "seven step poem" is a good poem, but it was not written by Cao Zhi. We don't know who its author is. (source: Tencent News)

Link：https://new.qq.com/omn/20211102/20211102A0AFCK00.html

update time：2021-11-03 10:52:20